SOME MEMORIES FROM THE ARABIAN PENINSULAR
 1958 to 1961

Mainly of 1 Troop, 19 Topographic Squadron, Nizwa, Oman

By Trevor ‘Bill’ Powell

A detachment from 1 RASLS, Cyprus did some aerial photography control work in the Oman in 1958, amongst them were Capt. Bob Mills, Roy Isherwood, Bud Moon, Mike Layland and Mick Graham (all reprobates from the Seychelles detachment). I open my brief account with a photo of that period that Mike Layland sent me early in 2006, as well as Bud Moon’s comments, as they give a foretaste of what 1 and 2 Troops of 19 Topographic Squadron  would encounter in the following three years whilst carrying out the fieldwork for the 1:100,000 mapping.

Photo of Bud Moon, Mike Layland and Mick Graham at Nizwa in 1958

OMAN  1958 – Morning ablutions
(Photo from Mike Layland)

Bud Moon recounts: This photo was taken at Nizwa, where our detachment, having originally come from 1 RASLS in Cyprus, was camping with the 15/19th Hussars. We arrived there in early May 1958 after a stint in Aden. Capt. Mills and Roy Isherwood were in charge. We were working on aerial photography control for the 1:100,000 mapping of the Oman. And it was here that we received our baptism of fire! We were travelling to Ibri along a track about 5 miles from Nizwa when the Bedford truck, which was carrying all our equipment, struck a mine. Mike Layland was riding shotgun, with his head through the cab roof, when it happened. I was in the leading Landrover with Capt. Mills and we had passed right over the mine. The track was in a wadi bed and only wide enough for one vehicle. One of the front wheels on the truck had been completely blown off, and while we were standing around looking at the damage, we came under rifle fire from the hills above. We never got a sight of whoever was firing at us, the whole hillside was a mass of large boulders providing lots of cover. We had radios so were able to make contact with the Hussars, but we could not move the vehicles and were pinned down for about three hours until Ferret armoured cars from the camp turned up and sprayed the hillside with machine gun fire. I think Mick Graham had returned to the UK by the time this incident happened. Mike Layland left soon afterwards to return to Cyprus. Later on, in mid June, I was badly injured in a mine explosion at Ibri, and after about three weeks in Bahrain hospitals I was invalided back to UK. I did not get back to work until early 1959 when I was posted to Fernhurst to work on Operation Emily. ('Thor' missile sites).

N° 1 Troop arrived at Nizwa in early June of 1959. Dave ‘Streak Hobson noted some of the trials and tribulations endured by the Troop during the move from Dubai and Sharjah in the part of his diary which covers from February to November 1959.

Part of Dave Hobson’s diary

Part of the diary kept by Dave ‘Streak’ Hobson

1 Troop, 19 Topographic Squadron, Feb-Nov 1959

3 Feb. Left Cyprus on Troopship Dilwara.
4 Feb. Port Said - Suez canal.
9 Feb. Arrived Aden.
17 Feb. Left Aden on LST Empire Skua.
24-26 Feb. Muscat.
28 Feb. Arrived Dubai. By lorry to Sharjah.
1 March Our lorries and MT personnel arrive from Dubai after being bogged down.
Sgt Alan Fox, Johnnny Rowlands, Hutch, Spr Cramb, Spr "Chuff" Whitehurst,
Spr Pete Lupson.
10 March Start air photo work in Sharjah area.
13 April Half of troop fly by Valetta to Ibri.
17 April Rest of troop arrive by convoy.
24 April Commence field work.
Spr Dann, Spr "Jeeze" Heaseman, Sgt "Goff" Keefe, Spr Pete Richards, Spr Mack, Sgt "Dobber" Lawence RAMC, Spr Terry Gomersall, L/Cpl Dereck Bullock, Spr Alan Cunningham, Spr Browett ( can't remember him or his name !), L/Cpl Plant, Spr "Paddy" Gibson, Spr Ron Cunningham, Cpl Ted Green (AAC), Pte Clyne, Spr Ginge Lobban, Dave "Klon" Goldup, Spr Mike Pearson,
Lt Pinky" Reid - Troop Commander.
30 May Advance party leaves for Nizwa.
31 May Bedford RLs return. (one had towed the other for 100 miles)
3 June Remainder leave for Nizwa.
4 June Arrive Nizwa.
5 June Half of Troop leave on Pembroke for Bahrein via Sharjah for rest, stores collection and training.
Cpl Morton.
18 June Major Hardy arrives from Aden. Sprs Mack, Bopper Robertson and Ernie
James arrive by LST.
19 June Sprs Lupson, both Cunninghams and me by Hastings to Sharjah.
L/Cpl Potter.
21 June Sprs James and Robertson arrive from Bahrein.
Spr Baker. Bill Hipson.
22 June-1 July Loading stores, repairing vehicles and waiting for movement clearance.
1 July Leave Sharjah in Bedford RL and two Morris 1-tonners.
2 July Arrive Buraimi. Bogged down in soft sand, ignition, gear and radiator problems, no headlights and petrol blockages!
3 July Buraimi to Ibri. Cracked radiator and out of fags.
Spr Phillips.
6 July Advance party to Nizwa.
9/10 July Bill Guthrie and Ernie James to Buraimi to collect radiator from Trucial Oman Scouts.
11 July SAF 3-tonner blown up by mine near Ibri.
3-12 July Entertained by PDO (oil company)
13 July To Nizwa via Fahood. 9 hours, shattered windscreen, lots of overheating.
16 July British major killed by mine near Bait.
21 July Sgt Hender (medic?)
Cpl Bolton (instrument mechanic)
Spr Bates. Pte Stanistreet. (can't recall them either). L/Cpl Sam Whitehead.
Cfn Moughton.
26-28 July Flooded out by heavy rains.
Aug - Sept. No entries for some reason.
1/2 Oct. Finally get to do the famous 'climb' up Jebel Akhadar from Khamah to Saiq.
Capt Davey Wheeler. Tom Wingfield. L/Cpl Dereck Bullock. Bill Powell.
Bill Baker.
4 Nov. Water truck mined, Bopper unhurt.

Here is a map of Muscat and Oman (now just Oman) showing the areas in which the Troop did long field trips between 1959 and 1961.

   General map of
the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman (now Oman)

"Used by permission of the University of Texas Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin."

I arrived at Nizwa on 10^th September 1959 via the tortuous route of Aden, Cyprus, Aden, Bahrain and Muscat, having left 89 Field Survey Squadron, Nairobi, Kenya when it disbanded in August.

We were billeted in a corner of the Sultan of Oman’s Armed Forces (SOAF) camp.

Colour photos during the sea voyage from Bahrain to Muscat and view of barrack block at Nizwa

OMAN – September 1959

Dave Wheeler, Bill Powell and Bill Guthrie travelled by ship from Bahrain to Muscat. At the port of Dubai on the way, we witnessed an incident whereby the loading ramp fell off this Z craft during raising or lowering and sank to the bottom. Hence the need for the diver to go down and fix ropes to pull it up.

A view of 1 Troop’s barrack block and MT park at Nizwa Camp. The tent was the MT office and spares store. On the left is the newly-built technical office.

1 Troop living accomodation and photo of Bill, both in colour

OMAN – Nizwa – September 1959

1 Troop living accommodation. No furniture, apart from beds, was available and each man used wooden packing crates and suchlike to make bedside lockers, wardrobes and so on. (Your vision is blurred? You need better glasses or less beer! … or was the culprit just a shaky hand and a long exposure?)

Bill Powell outside the barrack block. I’m not sure why the bed was in that position, unless somebody had been getting a ‘panic tan’ before leaving for Blighty. It certainly wasn’t me, I still had eighteen months to go!

More photos of Nizwa camp and town (b/w)

OMAN – NIZWA camp and township

General view of n° 1 Troop’s quarters in the Sultan of Muscat and Oman Armed Forces camp at Nizwa

: Guard tower, also visible on the right side of the previous photo

N° 1 Troop dormitory at Nizwa camp. On the left, drivers Ron Cunningham & Terry Gomersall relax during time off. The office was beyond the door visible at the end of the room.

Filling up the water truck in Nizwa

Nizwa town main street and fortress

 

Some b/w views from the camp and a photo of the kitchen boys (local lads)

OMAN   –   Views from NIZWA camp

Three views of the Jebel Akhdar mountains from Nizwa Camp. All four photos were sent to Bill Powell by David ‘Streak’ Hobson in August 2006.

The building  is the end of the cookhouse

Four youngsters from Nizwa who worked as kitchen hands. From left to right: Ali bin Masood - ???? - Yaqum bin Said - ????

Out and about – colour photos of local villages

OMAN – 1959 – OUT AND ABOUT

These three photos were taken in September 1959 but I can’t remember exactly where. I imagine they were at either Nizwa, or Firq or possibly Izki (alias Ziki). Can anybody help

Once more unto the breach, dear friends! Will we get through before the walls come tumbling down

Have the local villagers come out to greet us with open arms? What do you think?

The work in the Oman was mainly air photo annotation, compiling names sheets and altimeter heighting. Here are a couple of  pages which describe our task in a nutshell.

Our work in a nutshell (1)                   (Air photo and PUC sheet of Nizwa area)

OMAN – Our work in a nutshell
 Version 1959

The work in the Oman was mainly air photo annotation, compiling names sheets and altimeter heighting. Here are a couple of  pages which describe our task in a nutshell.

From This

The RAF flew the aerial photography in liaison with a RASLS unit which was also responsible for the ground control (astro fixes & triangulation). Photos measured 279 x 279mm and were flown at a height which, taking into account the elevation of the terrain above sea level, would give a scale of about 1:80,000. Thus each photo covered about 500 sq.km. Adjacent photos gave stereo cover (3-D effect) when viewed through a stereoscope. This aided enormously photo interpretation in the field

42 Survey Engineer Regt. in Cyprus carried out the plotting and printing at 1:100,000 of the Preliminary Unchecked Compilation (PUC) sheets which were then sent with the photos to 19 Topographic Sqn. to do the field work

The air photos and PUC sheets were field annotated to show towns and villages, tracks and wadis, altimeter height-point and names-sheet reference numbers. This PUC sheet was used for referencing height points whose elevations were determined by theodolite observations (in blue) and altimeter (in red). The precise position of each point was identified on the relative air photo and pin-pricked, with its reference number written on the back. Annotation (description of features) was usually done on the relative PUC rather than on the back of the air photo for obvious practical reasons

To This

The finished product, produced by 42 Survey Engineer Regiment. This example was, I believe, printed in 1963

Some (perhaps) interesting information: The detail area of each Preliminary Unchecked Compilation 1:100,000 sheet was about 510 x 370 mm, which means that it covered an area of about 51 x 37 km or 1,887 sq.km. Given that the area of the Oman is about 309,500 sq.km., there would have been about 164 sheets for total coverage, although I don’t know if there was in fact total coverage. The number of photos covering each PUC sheet, allowing for a 60% longitudinal overlap and a 25% lateral overlap, was about 24. Of these, some covered two or more adjacent sheets and so the average number of photos per sheet would work out at perhaps 18. The total number of photos to cover the Oman would therefore be about 164 x 18 = 2952. This seems quite a reasonable estimate.

In September and October 1959 the Troop made a field trip lasting about five weeks to the Ash Sharqiyah area in south-east Oman.

Photos of the Ash Sharqiya field trip

OMAN – ASH SHARQIYA
Field party October 1959

Base camp in the Sharqiya, our home for a month or so.

Base camp in the Sharqiya, our home for a month or so.

Out surveying on the sand and gravel plains

Out surveying on the sand and gravel plains

Out surveying on the sand and gravel plains

: field repairs to a Morris one-tonner

A spot of bother on a sand dune

A spot of bother on a sand dune

Part of Dave ‘Streak’ Hobson’s diary after returning to Nizwa from the Sharqiya

Part of Dave ‘Streak’ Hobson’s diary
 November 1959

Streak’s diary refers to the ten days following the return to Nizwa from the Sharqiya trip, which lasted about five weeks

From March to June 1960, I was first attached for a couple of weeks to a British civilian seismic survey field party in the south-west corner of the Oman, where I made the acquaintance of the jerboa, or desert rat, which gave the British VIIIth Army Corps its name and symbol in North Africa during World War II.

The Jerboa (desert rat) and a map of the Yemen
(Picture of jerboa and more information from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerboa

	A painting of the Jerboa or Desert Rat which gave the British VIIIth Army Corps its name and symbol in North Africa during World War II. With its long kangaroo-type hind legs, it is capable of jumping quite long distances. The only examples I ever saw were at the seismic survey camp in south-west Oman (top right corner of the map below) in about March 1960
"Map used by permission of the University of Texas Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin."

I then spent about three months in the Yemen, wandering on the southern edge of the Rub’ al Khali (Empty quarter), he largest sand desert in the world.

Empty Quarter  (Extracted from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia) 

(From the website http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empty_Quarter) 

This article concerns the desert area Rub' al Khali of the Arabian Peninsula.

Empty Quarter (Arabic: Rub' al Khali الربع الخالي), is the largest sand desert in the world, encompassing the southern third of the Arabian Peninsula, including southern Saudi Arabia, and areas of Oman, the United Arab Emirates and Yemen. 

Still largely unexplored, and virtually uninhabited, the desert is a thousand kilometers (600 miles) long, and 500 km (300 miles) wide. Even the Bedouins only skirt the edges of the desert. Nonetheless, tour companies do exist that offer GPS-equipped excursions into the desert. The first documented journeys made by Westerners to the Empty Quarter were those made by Bertram Thomas in 1931 and St. John Philby in 1932. 

With summer temperatures ranging from below freezing at night to over 60° Celsius (140° F) at noon, and dunes taller than the Eiffel Tower - over 330 meters (1000 ft) - the desert may be the most forbidding environment on Earth. However, as nearly everwhere else, life flourishes. Arachnids, rodents and plant life can all be found throughout the Empty Quarter. As an eco-region, it falls within the Arabian Desert and East Sahero-Arabian xeric shrublands. 

Desertification has increased through the millennia. Before desertification made the caravan trails leading across the Rub' al Khali so difficult, the caravans of the frankincense trade crossed now virtually impassable stretches of wasteland, until about 300 AD. See for example the lost city of Ubar, which depended on such trade. 

Geologically, the Empty Quarter is one of the most oil-rich places in the world. Vast oil reserves have been discovered underneath the sand stacks. Sheyba, in the middle of the desert, is a major Arab light crude oil-producing site in Saudi Arabia. Also, Ghawwar Field, the largest oil field in the world, extends southward into the northernmost parts of the Empty Quarter. 

For a virtual tour of the Rub’ al Khali (Empty Quarter):

http://magma.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0502/sights_n_sounds/media2.html  

tI was with a cavalry captain (a great admirer of the British explorer Wilfred Thesiger, in whose footsteps we trod),

Wilfred Thesiger – British explorer 1910 – 2003
(From the website http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thesiger)

Sir Wilfred Patrick Thesiger KBE, DSO (3 June 1910 – August 24, 2003) was a British explorer and travel writer born in Addis Ababa in Abyssinia (now Ethiopia). His father was a British diplomat. He was educated at Eton College and Oxford but soon returned to Africa. He joined the Sudan Political Service in 1934, fought in the newly-formed SAS in North Africa during World War II, and later worked in Arabia with the Desert Locusts Research Organisation. His travels also took him to Iraq, Persia (now Iran), Kurdistan, Abyssinia (now Ethiopia), The Sudan, French West Africa, Pakistan and Kenya. He returned to England in the 1990s and was knighted in 1995.

Thesiger is best known for two travel books. Arabian Sands (1959) recounts his travels in the Empty Quarter of Arabia between 1945 and 1950 and describes the vanishing way of life of the Bedouins. The Marsh Arabs (1964) is an account of the traditional peoples who lived in the marshlands of southern Iraq. The latter journey is also covered by his travelling companion, Gavin Maxwell, in A Reed Shaken By The Wind - a Journey Through the Unexplored Marshlands of Iraq (Longman, 1959). Thesiger took many photographs during his travels and donated his vast collection of 25,000 negatives to the Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford.

Thesiger was not greatly enamoured of American culture, about which he had this to say:
The long-term effect of US culture as it spreads to every nook and cranny in every desert and every mountain valley will be the end of mankind. Our extraordinary greed for material possessions, the ways we go about nurturing that greed, the lack of balance in our lives, and our cultural arrogance will kill us off within a century unless we learn to stop and think. It may be too late.

Pitt Rivers Museum website
Further information about Wilfred Thesiger, together with his collection of photographs, several of which from the Rub’ al Khali, can be obtained by visiting the Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford website http://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/index.html

 a REME driver/mechanic, two Somali general factotums brought to the Yemen by the captain, and two Land Rovers. We spent about a week in amongst those impressive dunes, looking for water holes. We finally travelled down the fantastic Wadi Hadramaut to the Indian Ocean coast, then turned west to Al Mukalla and finally on to Aden.

Colour photos of the Rub’ al Khali

YEMEN – The Rub’ al Khali
(The Empty Quarter)

Aerial views of dunes in some rather difficult parts of the Rub’ al Khali. (Photos from the website http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empty_Quarter)

Colour photos of the Hadramaut and Mukalla.

YEMEN - The Wadi Hadramaut and Al Mukalla

View of Shibam, known as the New York of the Hadramaut because of its tall buildings up to nine storeys high, built of mud and straw bricks. Photo from the website http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shibam

The bed of Wadi Hadramaut near Sayun with the ‘jol’(flat-topped jebel) in the background. Photo from the website http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadramaut

View of Al Mukalla on the Indian Ocean coast. Photo from the website http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukalla

Photos of Aden town

The town of Aden in the Yemen

Part of the town is built inside an extinct volcano

A view of the port area  – Familiar sights to many readers

I returned as Troop Sgt. to Nizwa in July and stayed there until I left for the UK in February 1961.

During this period, two courageous surveyors, Geoff Morris and Andy Anderson mapped the Jebel Akhdar (Green Mountain) region on foot. After their work on sheet 038 was completed, it was sent to SHQ in Bahrain for checking and forwarding to 42 Regiment in Cyprus. Two ‘commemorative’ poems were composed, one by 1 Troop and the other in reply by SHQ. Here they are.

Ode to Oh-Three-Eight 

ODE TO OH - THREE – EIGHT

(Map sheet 038, covering the Jebel Akhdar mountain range nort-west of Nizwa)

 and the response  On opening 038 in Bahrain

On opening 038 in the Squadron Technical office
(with apologies to Rudyard Kipling’s ‘The Lost Legion’)

There’s a Troop that never was listed,
that carries no colour or crest,
but split in a thousand detachments
is mapping the hills for the rest.

You laughed at the maps as you found them
and said “We’ll do better by far”,
so you sent up the jebel young Geoffrey
with Andy and Vic from Nizwa.

We received the white package one morning,
all tied up in beer crate and string,
and with fingers that trembled unwrapped it
and gazed on this wonderful thing.

We gasped when we saw all the height points
and all the small tracks where they’d gone.
Then we looked at the Names sheets unnumbered
and said “Good God what have they done?”

You’ve inked the air photos in scarlet
and drawn all the wadis in blue.
You’ve comped till your fingers were bloody
and the heights have come in, that is true.

You’ve finally gone clean off your rockers,
you’ve ruined us this time for sure
with hundreds of height points and Names sheets,
after this we’ll need a rest-cure.

Now it’s our turn to sort through and check it
and see that it’s fit for Four-Two;
to make sure when we finally send it
that the bastard won’t come back to you!

S/sgt H. A. McVeagh, Cpl. J. Ellen
Technical office, Squadron H.Q.
Bahrain, Persian Gulf., January 1961

The rest of the Troop made the first Al Batinah coast field trip. Unfortunately no photos available.

Group photo of N° 1 Troop February 1961

N° 1 Troop, 19 Topographic Squadron,
NIZWA, Oman – February 1961

Dave
 Clifton
surveyor

Our work was made more difficult than it should have been because we were occasionally fired upon by dissidents (usually at night and from long range using nineteenth century Martini Henry rifles), who also planted land mines on the dirt roads. As I left, the Troop under its new O.C. Mike Layland started on the second Al Batinah coast field trip and almost immediately suffered the tragic loss of Spr. William Dougal McDougall.

Photo of the local population attending a demonstration of fire power given by the SOAF.

NIZWA - Oman - 1960

Nizwa – Some of the local population watching a demonstration of firepower by the Sultan of Muscat and Oman Armed Forces firing mortars at the nearby hills. Amongst them may well have been some of those who laid the mines which blew up our vehicles and who occasionally fired shots into the camp under cover of darkness.

An Arab steed assists at the firepower demonstration with disinterest H

Various photos including leaving for home

OMAN – Miscellaneous photos

And the driver wasn’t even drunk!
Two planes from the Sultan’s Armed Forces fly over to check on our wellbeing.
	Bill wearing his Jordanian yashmak (red and white checked headscarf)
Bill NOT wearing his yashmak
	Left: Bill Powell leaving the dormitory, next stop ‘Blighty’ after a two and a half year ‘python’. (12 months in Kenya and 18 months in Oman and Yemen).
February 1961 - 1 Troop turns out in force at Nizwa (Firq) ‘International airport’ to say farewell to Dave Wheeler, Bill Powell and Bill Guthrie as they leave for Bahrain en route for the United Kingdom.

Mined vehicles including the fatal Land Rover

OMAN – Some of N°1 Troop’s mined vehicles

Above and below A Bedford RL 3-tonner after hitting a mine. The driver, Spr.Bill Guthrie was blown out through the observation hatch in the roof and suffered a broken ankle.

Below:  Four other photos of mined vehicles ……waiting for repairs.

Bill watches a stricken vehicle reach camp

Three photos of the remains of the Land Rover which hit a mine at the end of February 1961. Spr.Dougal McDougall was killed and Spr.‘Taffy’ Williams injured

Photos by Mike Layland of the Al Batinah coast

OMAN – The Al Batinah coast
 March 1961

These photos were taken by Mike Layland on the field trip to the Al Batinah coast area just after my return to the U.K. in February 1961. Mike sent them to me in Dec. 2005.
Filling up with water at a water-hole.
	Some locals pose for their photo to be taken.
A caravan of camels passes on its way
.
Watering a herd of goats at a well

Some miscellaneous photos from Dave ‘Streak’ Hobson relating to 1961.

Oman 1961 – Miscellaneous photos
Supplied by Dave ‘Streak’ Hobson

A GULF AVIATION DC3 lands at Firq ‘International’ Airport, near Nizwa. ‘International’ because it was used by Englishmen, Scots, Welsh, Irish (including Ulstermen), an occasional Aussie, Arabs and several other nationalities. The airport (landing strip) facilities were as you see them! Two photos below

Modern transport ahead of the more traditional means. At least the latter didn’t get mined. Does anyone know who the intrepid driver and map-reading surveyor are and where the photo was taken?

A heavily-laden three tonner (army or civilian?) wends it weary way along the dirt road. Where exactly? Now there are asphalted highways in the Oman and highly developed and landscaped towns. What a difference the finding of oil has made

 

Colour photos of Nizwa camp in 1961, provided by Alex ‘Jock’ Johnstone.

 OMAN
 More colour photos of the camp at Nizwa

All photos provided by Alex ‘Jock’ Johnstone
	View of the MT park (1961 version) looking towards Nizwa from the top of the camp guard tower (below left).
	The watch tower and the searchlight inset
	The cookhouse building with the coldstore and makeshift ‘club’ for recreation (boozing and bawdy songs!). Note the wall made from petrol and kerosene flimsies.
	Some S.O.A.F. planes ‘buzz’ the Nizwa camp sometime during 1961.

 

Colour photos of the wadi and town at Nizwa in 1961, provided by Alex ‘Jock’ Johnstone.

OMAN
 More colour photos of the Nizwa area

Photos provided by Alex ‘Jock’ Johnstone

A view towards Nizwa from across the wadi, near where we built a dam for a swimming pool.

Looking towards the camp from the roof of Nizwa town fortress. The camp guard tower can just be seen above the palms at centre-left.

Dhobi Wallahs

Someone tries out an Arab weapon

The Oman theatre of operations, together with Aden and the Gulf States, was considered Active Service (a war zone, albeit very limited) and whoever served there between 1957 and 1960 was entitled to the GSM (General Service Medal) with clasp “Arabian Peninsular”.

GENERAL SERVICE MEDAL (GSM)
with Clasp “ARABIAN PENINSULAR”

		For Active Service in the Arabian Peninsular (Aden, Trucial States & Oman) (1957 ÷ 1960)

Aerial views of some of the fore-mentioned places can be seen using the Internet program “GOOGLE EARTH”. Here is a list of their

Co-ordinates of some of the places mentioned (for use with Google Earth)